（注）#はコメント
+ # 足す
- # 引く
* # かける
/ # 割る
^ # べき乗
sqrt(x) #ルート (1/2乗)
log(x) #xの自然対数を取る。底はe
log2(x) #xの対数を取る。底は2 1 + 1## [1] 28 - 5## [1] 32 * 2## [1] 415 / 3## [1] 52^3## [1] 8sqrt(9)## [1] 3log(2.7)## [1] 0.9932518log2(8)## [1] 3_が使える。
abc <- 3 # abcという変数を作り、3を代入
abc # abcの中身を表示## [1] 3abc <- 300 # abcの値に300が上書きされる
abc # abcの中身を表示## [1] 300efj <- 6
jke <- 2987ls() # これまでに作った変数一覧を表示## [1] "abc" "efj" "jke"rm(jke) #変数jkeを削除
ls()## [1] "abc" "efj"namae <- "sugiura" # namaeにはsugiuraという文字列が入るclass(abc) # class(変数名)で変数の「クラス」を表示## [1] "numeric"class(namae)## [1] "character" <- c( , , , ) で入れるkazu <- c(2,4,6,8) # kazuという配列を作り、2, 4, 6, 8 を代入
kazu## [1] 2 4 6 8names <- c("I","you","he") # 配列の中身に文字列を代入
names## [1] "I" "you" "he"length(kazu)## [1] 4length(names)## [1] 3| ファイル・フォルダ | 説明 |
|---|---|
| NICER1_3readme_2020-01-16.txt | 概要の説明 |
| Learner_Instructions.pdf | 学習者用指示文 |
| Learner_Profile_List.xls | 学習者情報一覧 |
| Learner_Questionnaire.pdf | 学習者用質問事項 |
| Native_Instructions.pdf | 母語話者用指示文 |
| Native_Profile_List.xls | 母語話者情報一覧 |
| Native_Questionnaire.pdf | 母語話者向け質問事項 |
| NICER_NNS/ | 学習者コーパス・データ |
| NICER_NS/ | 母語話者コーパス・データ |
"C:\Users\sugiura\ed\2023\2023後期\3. 木２ LC\2023年度テキスト\NICER1_3_2\2020-11-24NICER1_3_2\NICER_NNS"getwd()setwd("NICER1_3_2/2020-11-24NICER1_3_2/NICER_NNS")list.files()## [1] "JPN501.txt" "JPN502.txt" "JPN503.txt" "JPN504.txt" "JPN505.txt"
## [6] "JPN506.txt" "JPN507.txt" "JPN508.txt" "JPN509.txt" "JPN510.txt"
## [11] "JPN511.txt" "JPN512.txt" "JPN513.txt" "JPN514.txt" "JPN515.txt"
## [16] "JPN516.txt" "JPN517.txt" "JPN518.txt" "JPN519.txt" "JPN520.txt"
## [21] "JPN521.txt" "JPN522.txt" "JPN523.txt" "JPN524.txt" "JPN525.txt"
## [26] "JPN526.txt" "JPN527.txt" "JPN528.txt" "JPN529.txt" "JPN530.txt"
## [31] "JPN531.txt" "JPN532.txt" "JPN533.txt" "JPN534.txt" "JPN535.txt"
## [36] "JPN536.txt" "JPN537.txt" "JPN538.txt" "JPN539.txt" "JPN540.txt"
## [41] "JPN541.txt" "JPN542.txt" "JPN543.txt" "JPN544.txt" "JPN545.txt"
## [46] "JPN546.txt" "JPN547.txt" "JPN548.txt" "JPN549.txt" "JPN550.txt"
## [51] "JPN551.txt" "JPN552.txt" "JPN553.txt" "JPN554.txt" "JPN555.txt"
## [56] "JPN556.txt" "JPN557.txt" "JPN558.txt" "JPN559.txt" "JPN560.txt"
## [61] "JPN561.txt" "JPN562.txt" "JPN563.txt" "JPN564.txt" "JPN565.txt"
## [66] "JPN566.txt" "JPN567.txt" "JPN568.txt" "JPN569.txt" "JPN570.txt"
## [71] "JPN571.txt" "JPN572.txt" "JPN573.txt" "JPN574.txt" "JPN575.txt"
## [76] "JPN576.txt" "JPN577.txt" "JPN578.txt" "JPN579.txt" "JPN580.txt"
## [81] "JPN581.txt" "JPN582.txt" "JPN583.txt" "JPN584.txt" "JPN585.txt"
## [86] "JPN586.txt" "JPN587.txt" "JPN588.txt" "JPN589.txt" "JPN590.txt"
## [91] "JPN591.txt" "JPN592.txt" "JPN593.txt" "JPN594.txt" "JPN595.txt"
## [96] "JPN596.txt" "JPN597.txt" "JPN598.txt" "JPN599.txt" "JPN600.txt"
## [101] "JPN601.txt" "JPN602.txt" "JPN603.txt" "JPN604.txt" "JPN605.txt"
## [106] "JPN606.txt" "JPN607.txt" "JPN608.txt" "JPN609.txt" "JPN610.txt"
## [111] "JPN611.txt" "JPN612.txt" "JPN613.txt" "JPN614.txt" "JPN615.txt"
## [116] "JPN616.txt" "JPN617.txt" "JPN618.txt" "JPN619.txt" "JPN620.txt"
## [121] "JPN621.txt" "JPN622.txt" "JPN623.txt" "JPN624.txt" "JPN625.txt"
## [126] "JPN626.txt" "JPN627.txt" "JPN628.txt" "JPN629.txt" "JPN630.txt"
## [131] "JPN631.txt" "JPN632.txt" "JPN633.txt" "JPN634.txt" "JPN635.txt"
## [136] "JPN636.txt" "JPN637.txt" "JPN638.txt" "JPN639.txt" "JPN640.txt"
## [141] "JPN641.txt" "JPN642.txt" "JPN643.txt" "JPN644.txt" "JPN645.txt"
## [146] "JPN646.txt" "JPN647.txt" "JPN648.txt" "JPN649.txt" "JPN650.txt"
## [151] "JPN651.txt" "JPN652.txt" "JPN653.txt" "JPN654.txt" "JPN655.txt"
## [156] "JPN656.txt" "JPN657.txt" "JPN658.txt" "JPN659.txt" "JPN660.txt"
## [161] "JPN661.txt" "JPN662.txt" "JPN663.txt" "JPN664.txt" "JPN665.txt"
## [166] "JPN666.txt" "JPN667.txt" "JPN668.txt" "JPN669.txt" "JPN670.txt"
## [171] "JPN671.txt" "JPN672.txt" "JPN673.txt" "JPN674.txt" "JPN675.txt"
## [176] "JPN676.txt" "JPN677.txt" "JPN678.txt" "JPN679.txt" "JPN680.txt"
## [181] "JPN681.txt" "JPN682.txt" "JPN683.txt" "JPN684.txt" "JPN685.txt"
## [186] "JPN686.txt" "JPN687.txt" "JPN688.txt" "JPN689.txt" "JPN690.txt"
## [191] "JPN691.txt" "JPN692.txt" "JPN693.txt" "JPN694.txt" "JPN695.txt"
## [196] "JPN696.txt" "JPN697.txt" "JPN698.txt" "JPN699.txt" "JPN700.txt"
## [201] "JPN701.txt" "JPN702.txt" "JPN703.txt" "JPN704.txt" "JPN705.txt"
## [206] "JPN706.txt" "JPN707.txt" "JPN708.txt" "JPN709.txt" "JPN710.txt"
## [211] "JPN711.txt" "JPN712.txt" "JPN713.txt" "JPN714.txt" "JPN715.txt"
## [216] "JPN716.txt" "JPN717.txt" "JPN718.txt" "JPN719.txt" "JPN720.txt"
## [221] "JPN721.txt" "JPN722.txt" "JPN723.txt" "JPN724.txt" "JPN725.txt"
## [226] "JPN726.txt" "JPN727.txt" "JPN728.txt" "JPN729.txt" "JPN730.txt"
## [231] "JPN731.txt" "JPN732.txt" "JPN733.txt" "JPN734.txt" "JPN735.txt"
## [236] "JPN736.txt" "JPN737.txt" "JPN738.txt" "JPN739.txt" "JPN740.txt"
## [241] "JPN741.txt" "JPN742.txt" "JPN743.txt" "JPN744.txt" "JPN745.txt"
## [246] "JPN746.txt" "JPN747.txt" "JPN748.txt" "JPN749.txt" "JPN750.txt"
## [251] "JPN751.txt" "JPN752.txt" "JPN753.txt" "JPN754.txt" "JPN755.txt"
## [256] "JPN756.txt" "JPN757.txt" "JPN758.txt" "JPN759.txt" "JPN760.txt"
## [261] "JPN761.txt" "JPN762.txt" "JPN763.txt" "JPN764.txt" "JPN765.txt"
## [266] "JPN766.txt" "JPN767.txt" "JPN768.txt" "JPN769.txt" "JPN770.txt"
## [271] "JPN771.txt" "JPN772.txt" "JPN773.txt" "JPN774.txt" "JPN775.txt"
## [276] "JPN776.txt" "JPN777.txt" "JPN778.txt" "JPN779.txt" "JPN780.txt"
## [281] "JPN781.txt" "JPN782.txt" "JPN783.txt" "JPN784.txt" "JPN785.txt"
## [286] "JPN786.txt" "JPN787.txt" "JPN788.txt" "JPN789.txt" "JPN790.txt"
## [291] "JPN791.txt" "JPN792.txt" "JPN793.txt" "JPN794.txt" "JPN795.txt"
## [296] "JPN796.txt" "JPN797.txt" "JPN798.txt" "JPN799.txt" "JPN800.txt"
## [301] "JPN801.txt" "JPN802.txt" "JPN803.txt" "JPN804.txt" "JPN805.txt"
## [306] "JPN806.txt" "JPN807.txt" "JPN808.txt" "JPN809.txt" "JPN810.txt"
## [311] "JPN811.txt" "JPN812.txt" "JPN813.txt" "JPN814.txt" "JPN815.txt"
## [316] "JPN816.txt" "JPN817.txt" "JPN818.txt" "JPN819.txt" "JPN820.txt"
## [321] "JPN821.txt" "JPN822.txt" "JPN823.txt" "JPN824.txt" "JPN825.txt"
## [326] "JPN826.txt" "JPN827.txt" "JPN828.txt" "JPN829.txt" "JPN830.txt"
## [331] "JPN831.txt" "JPN832.txt" "JPN833.txt" "JPN834.txt" "JPN835.txt"
## [336] "JPN836.txt" "JPN837.txt" "JPN838.txt" "JPN839.txt" "JPN840.txt"
## [341] "JPN841.txt" "JPN842.txt" "JPN843.txt" "JPN844.txt" "JPN845.txt"
## [346] "JPN846.txt" "JPN847.txt" "JPN848.txt" "JPN849.txt" "JPN850.txt"
## [351] "JPN851.txt" "JPN852.txt" "JPN853.txt" "JPN854.txt" "JPN855.txt"
## [356] "JPN856.txt" "JPN857.txt" "JPN858.txt" "JPN859.txt" "JPN860.txt"
## [361] "JPN861.txt" "JPN862.txt" "JPN863.txt" "JPN864.txt" "JPN865.txt"
## [366] "JPN866.txt" "JPN867.txt" "JPN868.txt" "JPN869.txt" "JPN870.txt"
## [371] "JPN871.txt" "JPN872.txt" "JPN873.txt" "JPN874.txt" "JPN875.txt"
## [376] "JPN876.txt" "JPN877.txt" "JPN878.txt" "JPN879.txt" "JPN880.txt"
## [381] "JPN881.txt"jpn501 <- readLines("JPN501.txt")jpn501## [1] "@Begin"
## [2] "@Participants:\tJPN501"
## [3] "@PID:\tPIDJP501"
## [4] "@Age:\t21"
## [5] "@Sex:\tF"
## [6] "@YearInSchool:\tU2"
## [7] "@Major:\tagriculture"
## [8] "@StudyHistory:\t8"
## [9] "@OtherLanguage:\tChinese=1.0;none="
## [10] "@Qualification:\tTOEIC=590(2013);none=;none="
## [11] "@Abroad:\tnone=;none="
## [12] "@Reading:\t3"
## [13] "@Writing:\t2"
## [14] "@Listening:\t2"
## [15] "@Speaking:\t1"
## [16] "@JapaneseEssay:\t4"
## [17] "@EnglishEssayEx:\t3"
## [18] "@EnglishEssay:\t2"
## [19] "@Difficulty:\t"
## [20] "@EssayTraining:\t3"
## [21] "@SelfEval:\t2"
## [22] "@TopicEase:\t4"
## [23] "@Topic:\tsports"
## [24] "@Criterion:\t4"
## [25] "@Proctor:\t1"
## [26] "@Comments:\t"
## [27] "@Date:\t2013-12-17"
## [28] "@Version:\t1.3.1"
## [29] "*JPN501:\tWhat kind of sports do you like?"
## [30] "%NTV:\tOK"
## [31] "%COM:\t"
## [32] "*JPN501:\tDo you like soccer, base ball or swimming?"
## [33] "%NTV:\tDo you like soccer, baseball, or swimming?"
## [34] "%COM:\t\"Baseball\" is one word. In lists with three or more items, put a comma between each item, including one before the final \"and\"."
## [35] "*JPN501:\tThere are many and variety sports around the world."
## [36] "%NTV:\tThere are many varieties of sports around the world."
## [37] "%COM:\t"
## [38] "*JPN501:\tA country has some traditional sports."
## [39] "%NTV:\tMost countries have some traditional sports."
## [40] "%COM:\t"
## [41] "*JPN501:\tOf course, there are some traditional sports in Japan."
## [42] "%NTV:\tOK"
## [43] "%COM:\t"
## [44] "*JPN501:\tThey are called \"BUDO\"."
## [45] "%NTV:\tThey are called budo."
## [46] "%COM:\tThis word does not require capitalization."
## [47] "*JPN501:\tBUDO are JYUDO, KENDO, KYUDO and so on."
## [48] "%NTV:\tBudo include judo, kendo, kyudo, and so on."
## [49] "%COM:\tThese words do not require capitalization."
## [50] "*JPN501:\tIf you play BUDO, there is an important thing that you must remember."
## [51] "%NTV:\tIf you play budo, there is one important thing you must remember. "
## [52] "%COM:\t"
## [53] "*JPN501:\tIt is \"REI\"."
## [54] "%NTV:\tIt is rei."
## [55] "%COM:\t"
## [56] "%par:"
## [57] "*JPN501:\tFirst, \"REI\" is the feeling that you thank people who are involved in the game."
## [58] "%NTV:\tFirst, rei is the custom of thanking people who are involved in the game."
## [59] "%COM:\tIt seems that \"rei\" is describing an action here, so it would be a \"custom\" rather than a \"feeling\"."
## [60] "*JPN501:\tFor example, when the game will start, players bow each other."
## [61] "%NTV:\tFor example, when the game starts, players bow to each other."
## [62] "%COM:\t"
## [63] "*JPN501:\tand when the game ended, players bow each other, too."
## [64] "%NTV:\tWhen the game ends, players bow to each other, too."
## [65] "%COM:\t"
## [66] "*JPN501:\tPlayers cannot play a game without an enemy."
## [67] "%NTV:\tOK"
## [68] "%COM:\t"
## [69] "*JPN501:\tThis is the expression that players thank each other for playing the game."
## [70] "%NTV:\tThis is the expression by which players thank each other for playing the game."
## [71] "%COM:\t"
## [72] "%par:"
## [73] "*JPN501:\tSecondly, \"REI\" is the feeling that you thank the place where you play the game."
## [74] "%NTV:\tSecond, rei is the custom of thanking the place where you play the game."
## [75] "%COM:\tThe \"-ly\" ending is old-fashioned -- just say \"first\", \"second\", etc."
## [76] "*JPN501:\tBUDO players must bow when they enter the BUDOJYO (the playing place) and when they leave there."
## [77] "%NTV:\tBudo players must bow when they enter the budojyo (playing place) and when they leave."
## [78] "%COM:\t"
## [79] "*JPN501:\tAnd you must clean the BUDOJYO because you thank the BUDOJYO for playing there."
## [80] "%NTV:\tPlayers must also clean the budojyo as thanks for playing there."
## [81] "%COM:\tAvoid starting sentences with coordinating conjunctions (\"and\" here)."
## [82] "%par:"
## [83] "*JPN501:\tFinally, \"REI\" is the feeling that you thank yourself."
## [84] "%NTV:\tFinally, rei is the custom of thanking yourself."
## [85] "%COM:\t"
## [86] "*JPN501:\tIn BUDO, you think about yourself deeply."
## [87] "%NTV:\tIn budo, you think about yourself deeply."
## [88] "%COM:\t"
## [89] "*JPN501:\tFor example, in soccer, players have many team mates."
## [90] "%NTV:\tFor example, in soccer, players have many teammates."
## [91] "%COM:\t"
## [92] "*JPN501:\tBut many BUDO have no team mate, you must play with yourself."
## [93] "%NTV:\tHowever, many budo have no teammate; instead, you must play against yourself."
## [94] "%COM:\tAvoid starting sentences with coordinating conjunctions. You can change \"but\" to \"however\"."
## [95] "*JPN501:\tSo you must fight not only the enemy but also yourself who feel awful, tired, sad, pain and so on in the BUDO game."
## [96] "%NTV:\tThis means, in budo, you must fight not only the enemy but also yourself, even if you feel awful, tired, sad, in pain, and so on."
## [97] "%COM:\tAvoid starting sentences with coordinating conjunctions. You can change \"so\" to \"this means\"."
## [98] "*JPN501:\tYou must beat weak yourself."
## [99] "%NTV:\tNG"
## [100] "%COM:\t"
## [101] "*JPN501:\tIf you can beat him, you would feel how much you could grow."
## [102] "%NTV:\tIf you can beat the enemy, you can feel how much you can grow."
## [103] "%COM:\tIt's not clear who \"him\" refers to."
## [104] "*JPN501:\tThen, you can thank yourself for your efforts."
## [105] "%NTV:\tOK"
## [106] "%COM:\t"
## [107] "%par:"
## [108] "*JPN501:\tBUDO can make your body strong."
## [109] "%NTV:\tBudo can make your body strong."
## [110] "%COM:\t"
## [111] "*JPN501:\tThis is the same good point which other sports give."
## [112] "%NTV:\tThis is the same good point that other sports give."
## [113] "%COM:\tUse \"that\", not \"which\", with restrictive clauses."
## [114] "*JPN501:\tBut BUDO must give you many other good points, for example, mental strong, taught from \"REI\"."
## [115] "%NTV:\tHowever, because of rei, budo provides many additional good points, such as mental strength."
## [116] "%COM:\t"
## [117] "*JPN501:\tSo, today, many people plays and loves BUDO around the world."
## [118] "%NTV:\tThis is why, today, many people play and love budo around the world."
## [119] "%COM:\t"
## [120] "*JPN501:\tWe Japanese should be proud of and teach more many people around the world about this traditional sports \"BUDO\"."
## [121] "%NTV:\tWe Japanese should be proud of and teach many more people around the world about our traditional sports, budo."
## [122] "%COM:\t"
## [123] "@End"jpn501 <- readLines("JPN501.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN501.txt"): 'JPN501.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn502 <- readLines("JPN502.txt")
jpn503 <- readLines("JPN503.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN503.txt"): 'JPN503.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn504 <- readLines("JPN504.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN504.txt"): 'JPN504.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn505 <- readLines("JPN505.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN505.txt"): 'JPN505.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn506 <- readLines("JPN506.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN506.txt"): 'JPN506.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn507 <- readLines("JPN507.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN507.txt"): 'JPN507.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn508 <- readLines("JPN508.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN508.txt"): 'JPN508.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn509 <- readLines("JPN509.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN509.txt"): 'JPN509.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたjpn510 <- readLines("JPN510.txt")## Warning in readLines("JPN510.txt"): 'JPN510.txt'
## で不完全な最終行が見つかりましたsetwd("../NICER_NS")
ns501 <- readLines("NS501.txt")
ns502 <- readLines("NS502.txt")
ns503 <- readLines("NS503.txt")
ns504 <- readLines("NS504.txt")
ns505 <- readLines("NS505.txt")
ns506 <- readLines("NS506.txt")
ns507 <- readLines("NS507.txt")
ns508 <- readLines("NS508.txt")
ns509 <- readLines("NS509.txt")
ns510 <- readLines("NS510.txt")ls()## [1] "abc" "efj" "jpn501" "jpn502" "jpn503" "jpn504" "jpn505" "jpn506"
## [9] "jpn507" "jpn508" "jpn509" "jpn510" "kazu" "namae" "names" "ns501"
## [17] "ns502" "ns503" "ns504" "ns505" "ns506" "ns507" "ns508" "ns509"
## [25] "ns510"grep("However", ns501)## [1] 45 54 84grep("However", ns501, value=T)## [1] "*NS501:\tHowever in the French educational system instead of a head or a body there is a thesis and an anti-thesis or point and counter point in which the writer must oppose his or her original statements."
## [2] "*NS501:\tHowever what the French lose in logical flow they gain in critical thinking."
## [3] "*NS501:\tHowever, sadly with the continuous failings of the American educational system, these lofty dreams yet remain dreams for a generation of potential Newtons and Einsteins."grep("however", ns501, value=T) # 小文字 h## [1] "*NS501:\tThis makes the facts easy to access, however, it does not force the writer to challenge his or her own logic in the process, leaving the ideas themselves rigid."Rでは正規表現「*」の「エスケープ」に「\」を二重に使う点に注意
grep("[hH]owever", ns501, value=T)## [1] "*NS501:\tHowever in the French educational system instead of a head or a body there is a thesis and an anti-thesis or point and counter point in which the writer must oppose his or her original statements."
## [2] "*NS501:\tThis makes the facts easy to access, however, it does not force the writer to challenge his or her own logic in the process, leaving the ideas themselves rigid."
## [3] "*NS501:\tHowever what the French lose in logical flow they gain in critical thinking."
## [4] "*NS501:\tHowever, sadly with the continuous failings of the American educational system, these lofty dreams yet remain dreams for a generation of potential Newtons and Einsteins."grep("however", ns501, value=T, ignore.case=T)## [1] "*NS501:\tHowever in the French educational system instead of a head or a body there is a thesis and an anti-thesis or point and counter point in which the writer must oppose his or her original statements."
## [2] "*NS501:\tThis makes the facts easy to access, however, it does not force the writer to challenge his or her own logic in the process, leaving the ideas themselves rigid."
## [3] "*NS501:\tHowever what the French lose in logical flow they gain in critical thinking."
## [4] "*NS501:\tHowever, sadly with the continuous failings of the American educational system, these lofty dreams yet remain dreams for a generation of potential Newtons and Einsteins."jpn502 <- readLines(choose.files())* 学習者と母語話者が使っている表現を検索して比べてみよう。