!!!L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer {{outline}} ---- Lu, X. (2010). Automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 15(4), 474-496. http://www.personal.psu.edu/xxl13/downloads/l2sca.html ---- !!指標一覧 !9 structures in the text: +words (W) +sentences (S) +verb phrases (VP) +clauses (C) +T-units (T) +dependent clauses (DC) +complex T-units (CT) **従属節を含むT-unit +coordinate phrases (CP) **形容詞、副詞、名詞、動詞 +complex nominals (CN) **修飾 ** ** !14 syntactic complexity indices of the text: +mean length of sentence (MLS) +mean length of T-unit (MLT +mean length of clause (MLC) +clauses per sentence (C/S) +verb phrases per T-unit (VP/T) +clauses per T-unit (C/T) +dependent clauses per clause (DC/C) +dependent clauses per T-unit (DC/T) +T-units per sentence (T/S) +complex T-unit ratio (CT/T) +coordinate phrases per T-unit (CP/T) +coordinate phrases per clause (CP/C) +complex nominals per T-unit (CN/T) +complex nominals per clause (CN/C) !名詞句の複雑性 (CN/C) * Lu (2010: 483) {{pre Complex nominals. Complex nominals comprise (i) nouns plus adjective, possessive, prepositional phrase, relative clause, participle, or appositive, (ii) nominal clauses, and (iii) gerunds and infinitives in subject position (Cooper 1976). These are operationalized using the Tregex patterns in (12), (13), and (14) respectively. The pattern in (12) matches an NP node that is not immediately dominated by another NP and that dominates an adjective (JJ), possessive (POS), prepositional phrase (PP), relative clause (S), participle (VBG), or appositive (an NP that is a left sister of another NP and that is not the immediate left sister of a CC). For example, this pattern matches the two NP nodes in (2) that represent the noun phrases a girl in our dorm and a spoiled child respectively. The pattern in (13) retrieves nominal clauses by matching an SBAR node in subject or object position (i.e. it is either an immediate left sister of a VP or is immediately dominated by a VP) that satisfies one of the following two conditions: (i) it immediately dominates a wh-noun phrase (WHNP) (e.g. what I like) or a complementizer (i.e. that or for tagged as a preposition, as in that you like to read), or (ii) it has an S node as its first child (i.e. a clausal object without a complementizer, as in I know you like to read). The pattern in (14) retrieves gerunds and infinitives in subject position by matching an S node that immediately dominates a VP headed by a gerund or the infinitive “to” and that is an immediate left sister of a VP (e.g. Saving energy is really important). (12) “NP !> NP [<< JJ|POS|PP|S|VBG |<< (NP $++ NP !$+ CC)]” (13) “SBAR [$+ VP | > VP] & [<# WHNP |<# (IN